JOURNALISM

What is Journalism?

Based on Wikipedia, Journalism refers to the production and distribution of reports on recent events. The word journalism applies to the occupation, using methods of gathering information and utilizing literary techniques. Various forms of journalistic mediums include: print, television, radio, internet, and in the past: newsreels.

The purpose of journalism is thus to provide citizens with the information they need to make the best possible decisions about their lives, their communities, their societies, and their governments.

Different types of journalism:

a)      Investigative

This type of journalism aim to uncover the truth about a particular subject, person, or event.

b)      News

News journalism is starightforward. Facts are relayed without flourishes or interpretation.

c)      Reviews

Reviews are partly opinion and partly fact based.

d)      Columns

Columns are based primarily on the personality of the author, allowing him or her to write about subjects in a personal style.

e)      Feature writing

Featuring writing provides scope, depth,and interpretation of trends, events, topics or people. 

            There are several forms of journalism diverse audiences. Some forms include:

a)     Access journalism

journalists who self-censor and voluntarily cease speaking about issues that might embarrass their hosts, guests, or powerful politicians or businesspersons.

b)     Advocacy journalism

writing to advocate particular viewpoints or influence the opinions of the audience.

c)     Broadcast journalism

written or spoken journalism for radio or television.

d)     Citizen journalism

participatory journalism.

e)     Data journalism

the practice of finding stories in numbers, and using numbers to tell stories. Data journalists may use data to support their reporting. They may also report about uses and misuses of data. The US news organization ProPublica is known as a pioneer of data journalism.

f)      Drone journalism

use of drones to capture journalistic footage.

g)     Gonzo journalism

first championed by Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalism is a "highly personal style of reporting".

h)     Interactive journalism

a type of online journalism that is presented on the web

i)      Investigative journalism

in-depth reporting that uncovers social problems. Often leads to major social problems being resolved.

j)      Photojournalism

the practice of telling true stories through images

k)     Sensor journalism

the use of sensors to support journalistic inquiry.

l)      Tabloid journalism

writing that is light-hearted and entertaining. Considered less legitimate than mainstream journalism.

m)   Yellow journalism (or sensationalism)

writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.

sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism

https://www.freelancewriting.com/journalism/different-types-of-journalism/

https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/journalism-essentials/what-is-journalism/purpose-journalism/

The damaged road conditions in Andalas University

Padang, 22/10 – Road is important for almost all of the activities in our life, because it is the access for us to go from one place to another place. It is more important for those people whose work is relate to go everywhere everyday. They must be need road to go to their destination. But, what happen if the road itself is damage or in a bad condition? Will it affect people’s activities? Or even can cause an accident?

              The damaged road conditions can easily found in every region, including in Andalas University in Padang. Even though the damaged road is not happened in all of the road in UNAND, but there are some spot where the condition of the road is bad. This condition is really serious because people think this problem is not really big but they don’t know that small problem can cause a big problem.

this is one of the damaged road behind the f bulding near the parking area.
( Venessa/UNAND, October 22nd 2018 )

This road is dangerous because it is a little bit bumpy and there are craks make the driver have to be careful when driving through this area
( Venessa/UNAND, October 22nd 2018 )

                   

                   Those who are motorcycle driver must know that these damaged roads are very dangerous not only for the motor cycle but also for the driver, “this is very dangerous because this will increase the risk of accident in the road especially when rainy” Melindawati said. Those students who are riding motor cycle to the campus must be extreamly careful when riding in this area. 

                    The same thing was stated by an Andalas University student, Sepni Ilmi, she said that those damaged roads will not only inhibit people’s activities in campus and can cause an accident but also cause a ittle traffic jam. “the students who have a class in the morning might feel the disadvantages of this because the speed of the vehicle will slow down”. Morever, the amount of vehicle in the morning to the campus is uncountable. That will also cause a traffic jam.  

 

                    When I asked about what is her wish for the damaged roads, Sepni Ilmi said that she hopes that those roads will be fixed soon so that the students and people who are passing by those roads will be more comfortable and safer. She also hope that people will be more pay attention to every thing such as this condition.

INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

 WHAT IS INTERVIEW?

An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given.In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking. Interviews usually involve a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which is usually the primary purpose of the interview, although information transfers can happen in both directions simultaneously. One can contrast an interview which involves bi-directional communication with a one-way flow of information, such as a speech or oration. (source: wikipedia)

When you are doing an interview, there are several techniques that you must do if you want your interview going well and you will get information and a good result from the interview session. 

1. Find a good location

Find a place where you can focus on your interview and won’t get distracted by your surroundings, but it is better if you can interview people in a place that has some relevance to the story or your subject. You will get more and deep information and also mostly people are more comfortable when they are in a familiar place

2. Prepare your goals ahead of time

When you are about to interview people, you have to prepare your questions related to the subject that you are going to ask. You should already know what your interview and report to look like and what information you need from this interview to get the result you want.

3. Write down your questions

Be sure and bring prepared questions with you. You can not just rely on your memory or just come up with a sudden questions because your questions have to be relate to your main subject, that’s why you have to prepare the questions on a piece of paper. And also, write down a back up questions because you don’t know what question will give you information about the subject.

4. Work on your flow

This is the most challenging but also the most important skill you can develop. When you are interviewing someone, you have to make the inetrview flow but at the same time make it like conversation, but it has to be natural. That will make them more comfortable while doing the interview. That is the most important to make the people you’re going to interview comfortable during the interview. 

5. Bring a friend

I think bringing your friend to an interview is important too, so they can help you with something like take notes. your friend can also help you recording to the interview while you are focusing on interviewing the people, or if you need the video of the interview your friend can hel you to record the video of the interview for you.

 6. Be a little sneaky

After the interview session, you can continue taking notes of the interview that you did because sometimes the people is more comfortable when they feel like they are done being recorded, they will give you more information and more important.

7. Empower your subject

If you can’t fully understand to the perspective of your interview, you can ask “what is your ideal solution?” to your source. This can help to clerify a person’s point of view or opinion, but this way only works in certain circumastances.

8. Endure awkward silences

When you’re asking or deling with a sensitive subject, you need to keep quite and listen to your source’s answer. Let them answer and give their opinion and do not cut off their answer because it will disturb their focus on answering your question.

  

9. Tell them what you need

If you want to make your interwiew well untill the end, tell them your goals what you need from this interview because sometime people won’t participate in an interview unless they know what the purpose of the interview and what are you going to do with that interview. 

sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview

https://matadornetwork.com/bnt/13-simple-journalist-techniques-for-effective-interviews/